Firstly, intelligent charging and discharging control. By monitoring the voltage, current, and battery status of solar panels in real-time, the controller uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology to dynamically adjust the charging voltage, ensuring that the panels always generate electricity at the highest efficiency. At the same time, it has built-in overcharge and overdischarge protection mechanisms, which automatically cut off the circuit when the battery power reaches the threshold, avoiding excessive loss and extending battery life.

Secondly, load management and energy allocation. The controller can intelligently switch power supply modes based on light intensity and load requirements: prioritize the use of photovoltaic direct supply on sunny days, and store surplus electricity; On cloudy days or at night, it automatically switches to battery power supply to ensure electrical continuity. Some high-end models also support load grading control, prioritizing the power supply for critical equipment.

Thirdly, system protection and fault diagnosis. By monitoring abnormal states such as overheating, short circuit, and reverse connection in real-time, the controller can quickly start the protection program and provide feedback on fault information through indicator lights or communication modules for easy maintenance.